Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of propranolol on sperms, histopathology of testes, and CatSper 2 gene and protein expression in adult mice. 18 adult male mice were randomly divided into control, propranolol 1 (receiving 10 mg/kg dose) and propranolol 2 group (receiving 15 mg/kg dose for 35 days). The mean amount of sperm parameters in the propranolol 1 and propranolol 2 groups was significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05). CatSper2 gene and protein expression have significantly decreased in propranolol 1 and propranolol 2 groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Reduction of CatSper2 gene and protein expression in low dose of propranolol was more severe than high dose. In testicular tissues of the propranolol 1 group, vacuoles and necrosis in the germinal epithelium were observed, and in testicular tissues of propranolol 2 group decrease in the thickness of the germinal epithelium, some vacuoles and necrosis were observed in germinal epithelium as well as congestion in the interstitial space. The mean value of thiol and catalase enzyme in the propranolol 1 and propranolol 2 groups, and the mean value of superoxide dismutase in propranolol 1 group, were significantly different compared to the control group (P<0.05).
Highlights
According to World's Health Organization reports, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the most important causes of mortality in the world
Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between sperm motility in propranolol 2 group (p=0.001) and the control group
Administrating 10 mg/kg of propranolol caused a significant decrease in the normal morphology rate of sperm compared to the control group (p=0.001) which was 88.12 ± 8.65 in the control group and 76.25 ± 3.95 in the propranolol 1 group (p = 0.001)
Summary
According to World's Health Organization reports, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the most important causes of mortality in the world. Cardiovascular diseases, including chronic pulmonary disease and cancer, have been the cause of patients' hospitalization in health center and hospitals. The cost of hospitalization for cardiovascular disease only in 2008 was more than 297 billion $. Thousands of people daily refer to hospitals and health centers with cardiovascular disease. In Asia, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is increasing and it costs a lot [1]. Beta-blockers are major therapeutic drugs for cardiovascular patients, especially in patients with heart failure. Beta-blockers are divided into two general categories of selective beta-blocker, such as esmolol, atenolol and metoprolol, and nonselective beta-blockers such as carvedilol, timolol, and propranolol
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