The effect of propolis-xenograft on the expression of SOX2, SOX9, and woven bone in alveolar bone remodeling

Abstract

Objective: This study was intended to analyze the expression of SRT-box transcription factor (SOX)2, SOX9 and woven bone in the preservation of tooth extraction sockets due to induction with propolis extract and bone graft. Materials and methods: 56 Cavia cobaya was divided into four groups according to the socket filling material used: control group, a propolis extract group, a bovine xenograft group, and a propolis extract-bovine xenograft group. An incisor tooth was extracted from each subject and the resulting socket filled with specific materials based on the group of which it was a member. After 3 days and 7 days, the Cavia cobaya were sacrificed in order to obtain their mandibles. Histopathological samples were made by means of hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining under a light microscope at 400x magnification. Statistical analysis: The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: A combination of propolis extract and bovine xenograft produced the highest expressions of SOX2, SOX9, and woven bone on day 3 and day 7, followed by the propolis group. The combination group experienced a significant difference with the control group on day 3 and day 7 (p<0.001). Even though the combination group presented the highest expressions, the results of a Tukey HSD test indicated no significant difference between the propolis and combination groups on day 3 and day 7. Conclusion: A combination of propolis and bovine xenograft increased the expressions of SOX2, SOX9, and woven bone. Further research is required to validate the bone remodeling acceleration hypothesis with regards to propolis.