The Effect of Prolonged Irrigation on the Dry Steppe Soils’ Fertility in the Volga Region

Nina Anatolyevna Pronko,Aleksey Vladimirovich Kravchuk,Lubov Gennadievna Romanova,Viktor Vladislavovich Korsak,Vladimir Viktorovich Afonin

doi:10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.27764

Abstract

The article deals with the negative effect of the prolonged irrigation on the contents and quality of humus, and plant nutrients’ stock in the soil. The research was aimed at studying the nature and regularities of the transformation of organic matter (humus) and nutrients in the dark chestnut soil of dry steppe zone in the Volga region in the process of irrigation over half a century long. Field and laboratory experiments, as well as theoretical methods, such as mathematical statistics were used for studying the soil agrochemical properties. The research has shown that humus mineralization in irrigated soils is more pronounced, compared to nonirrigated soils, dehumification increases with increasing the period of irrigation and intensification of agriculture; the content and stock of humus decreases with irrigation, and is accompanied by the negative changes in its qualitative composition. The article describes the reasons for dehumification and negative changes in the qualitative composition of humus in the dark chestnut soils: deficient nitrogen balance due to insufficient use of nitrogen fertilizers, which resulted in the destruction of the organic matter in the soil, increased share of tilled crops in the crop structure, absence of nitrogen-fixing ability in alfalfa due to significant soil compaction, and insufficient introduction of organic fertilizers. The found peculiarities of dehumification and reduction of nutrients availability in the soil, which are the most dangerous degradation processes in the soils of the region that reduce the efficiency of irrigated agriculture, are required for developing substantiated solutions for preventing dehumification, restoring the fertility of irrigated soils, and reducing deficiency of foodstuffs in arid regions.

Highlights

The most important problem in the world is the increased food deficiency
To reduce the foodstuffs’ shortage, it is necessary to know the nature of the organic matter and nutrients’ transformation processes that occur in case of long-term irrigation of dark-chestnut soils in the dry steppes in the Volga region, which constitute the majority of irrigated lands in the region, as well as the reasons for these processes
The results have shown that in the process of long-term irrigation, the content of humus in the irrigated dark chestnut soils reduces (Table 1, Figure 1)

Summary

Introduction

The most important problem in the world is the increased food deficiency. The solution to this problem requires a significant increase in crop production. In arid areas, this cannot be achieved without expanding irrigation areas, since irrigation has always been and remains an important factor that influences agricultural productivity [1,2,3,4]. Soil dehumification is an extremely undesirable process It is determined by the enormously important role of humus in soil fertility, as it is a universal system that determines and regulates the level of almost all factors that contribute to increasing or decreasing soil fertility [9]. To reduce the foodstuffs’ shortage, it is necessary to know the nature of the organic matter and nutrients’ transformation processes that occur in case of long-term irrigation of dark-chestnut soils in the dry steppes in the Volga region, which constitute the majority of irrigated lands in the region, as well as the reasons for these processes

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion