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Abstract
Objective:To evaluate the possible association between progesterone use in the first trimester of pregnancy and fetal nuchal translucency (NT).Material and Methods:This is an observational case-control study, which was conducted with patients who underwent nuchal scans between March 2015 and February 2016 and consequently delivered live and healthy babies. The study group was composed of assisted reproductive technology pregnancies and used intravaginal progesterone 180 mg/day until gestational week 12. The control group comprised pregnant women who became pregnant spontaneously without using any progesterone preparation in the first trimester.Results:One hundred sixty-four (57.5%) of 285 patients were in the control group and 121 (42.5%) were in the progesterone group. Age, bodyweight, gravidity, and parity number of previous births and abortus, gestational week, crown-rump lengths, free β-human chorionic gonadotropin, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, and NT values of the progesterone and control groups were recorded and we investigated whether there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of these parameters; maternal weight was found to be higher in the progesterone group than in the control group and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p=0.019 and p=0.025). Whether the difference in NT was caused by the effect of maternal weight was investigated using the covariance analysis test and maternal weight was not found to be statistically significant in the model (p=0.284).Conclusion:Fetal NT was increased in the progesterone group compared with the untreated group in healthy pregnancies.
Highlights
The first trimester combined test, which was first introduced in the 1990s, is a current test for the evaluation of fetal chromosomal anomaly [1,2,3]
Whether the difference in nuchal translucency (NT) was caused by the effect of maternal weight was investigated using the ANCOVA test and it was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.284); it can be concluded that maternal weight does not affect NT
crown-rump lengths (CRL) values were found to be higher in the non-progesterone group than in the progesterone group, and the difference between the groups was found to be statistically significant (p=0.026)
Summary
The first trimester combined test, which was first introduced in the 1990s, is a current test for the evaluation of fetal chromosomal anomaly [1,2,3]. Progesterone has been used widely for prophylaxis and treatment of abortus in cases of threatened miscarriage in the first trimester and in pregnancies conceived after assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment [10,11,12,13]. In this case, if the thickness of NT changes in patients using progesterone, the question is raised as to whether this condition increases the false positivity rate when screening for Down syndrome in the first trimester. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between progesterone use in the first trimester of pregnancy and fetal NT in healthy pregnancies without any known risk factors
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