The Effect of Progesterone Levels Changes in the Blood on the Progressivity of Luminal a Breast Cancer

Abstract

Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in Indonesia, accounting for 28% of all cancer diseases. This number increases annually (Departemen Kesehatan RI, Statistik morbiditas dan mortalitas di rumah sakit; 2005-2010). Breast cancer in women is associated with progesterone hormone, which is a female reproductive hormone (DeVita, V. T. et al., 2011). Both in-vivo and in-vitro researches on the effect of progesterone on breast cancer progression has been carried out in other studies. However, clinical research on this topic is rarely done. Therefore, the authors were interested in doing this research (Sobri, F. B. et al., 2018). Material and Methods: This was cross-sectional research. This was a follow-up study from research conducted five years ago in The Department of Surgical Oncology Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta between March to May 2015. Subjects of this study were Luminal A breast cancer patients carried out for progesterone examination in the blood and assessed for TNM stage. Evaluation of progesterone levels in the blood and TNM stage were performed in November to December 2020. Statistical analysis: In this study data, bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out. Logistic regression test for ordinal data was used for bivariate analysis, whereas Chi-square/Fisher exact test was performed for data with nominal dichotomy scale. Multivariate analysis was done using logistic regression with a significance p-value less than 0.05 in the bivariate analysis to determine the odds ratio. Data was significant if p less than 0.05. Results: Based on bivariate analysis with logistic regression test and multivariate analysis, progesterone levels in the blood of Luminal A breast cancer patients influence the breast cancer progression, with p-value = 0.037 on bivariate analysis and p-value = 0.031 on multivariate analysis. Increased progesterone levels in the blood of Luminal A breast cancer patients multiplied the risk of breast cancer progression by 12 times. Conclusions: This study showed that blood progesterone levels had a significant effect on the progression of Luminal A breast cancer patients..