Abstract
One of the main components for being successful in tissue engineering is developing a scaffold with an appropriate architecture for allow migration, cell proliferation, and differentiation. A gelatin-chitosan scaffold by vacuum freeze-drying has been developed for tissue engineering applications. The effects of solid concentration and freezing processing on the scaffold morphology and porous size were investigated. As the chitosan content was increased the viscoelastic properties of pigskin gelatin was modified, the maximum G' values were lower than the values for pure gelatin solution, and the thermal transition points also occurred at lower temperatures, as well as a decrease of pore size tendency was observed and the scaffold visibly increased porosity, the structure scaffold was observed with an interconnected and more homogeneous pore matrix. The pore sizes become smaller and pore walls thinner, while interconnectivity increases along with declining pre-freezing temperature. The chitosan-gelatin scaffold will be a promising candidate in tissue engineering.
Highlights
Tissue engineering is an emerging science enclosing such diverse fields as molecular biology and materials engineering
When the chitosan concentration was increased, the viscoelastic properties of pig gelatin was modified, the maximum G’ values were lower than the values for pure gelatin solution, and the thermal transition points occurred at lower temperatures
The smallest and the largest (P < 0.05) average pore size was 179 μm, for scaffolds produced with GE:CH= 3:7 ratio, and 203 μm, for GE:CH= 7:3, respectively (Table 2). These results suggested that the proportion of GE and CH was directly related to the pore size
Summary
Tissue engineering is an emerging science enclosing such diverse fields as molecular biology and materials engineering. It attempts to develop biological substitutes for damaging organs and tissues[1]. An ideal tissue engineered scaffold must have overall constructions, internal structures, surface properties, mechanical properties, and material properties to meet the requirements of host tissue[4,5]. The porosity of the scaffolds, mean pore size and the pore structure should be appropriate for cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, differentiation and extracellular matrix regeneration. High porosity (generally greater than 90%) and a large pore size (about 100-200 μm) as well as highly interconnected pore structure are necessary for the transport of cells and metabolites[6,7]. The materials should be biocompatible without inflammation or toxicity in vivo and processed into 3D structure[1,8]
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