Abstract
This research will explain how the pressure originating from the interests of business and environmental NGOs in the European Union on the policy of limiting the import of palm oil from Indonesia and Malaysia. As we know, Indonesia and Malaysia are the largest palm oil producing countries in the world and export a lot of their palm oil to the European Union. Recently, the European Union has issued a policy of limiting the import of palm oil for biodiesel products, which policy has been in effect in June 2019. In this policy Limitation of the use of palm oil throughout 2021-2023 will be at the same level in 2019, then its use will be reduced gradually until it runs out in 2030. Business interests and environmental NGOs here have a strong enough influence in the issuance of the policy. This study uses the concept of a Bureaucratic Political Model to answer how pressures from business interests and environmental NGOs influence the policy of import restrictions on palm oil for biodiesel products in the European Union.
Highlights
Indonesia and Malaysia are the largest palm oil producing countries in the world
In analyzing the influence of pressure from the EU's vegetable oil business interests and environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) on the policy of restricting palm oil imports by the European Union, a bureaucratic political model is used to illustrate that foreign policy is seen not as the result of an intellectual process that links goals and means rationally but rather foreign policy is the result of a process of interaction, adjustment and politics among various actors and organizations
If we look at it, which is part of the pressure from the European Union's vegetable oil business interests, there are rapeseed oil and sunflower oil farmers
Summary
Indonesia and Malaysia are the largest palm oil producing countries in the world. These two countries in total produce around 80% of the world's total palm oil production. As the second largest palm oil producer in the world, Malaysia views the palm oil trading sector as very important for the Malaysian economy. CPO exports originating from Indonesia and Malaysia meet the needs of the European Union in addition to Rasepped Oil and Sunflower Oil which are produced by these EU countries. According to veteran environmentalist Sir Jonathan Porritt, a former chair of the UK government's Sustainable Development Commission, EU policymaking on palm oil can be traced to the efforts of certain lobbying parties in the EU from trade associations or business interests and some environmental NGOs [9]
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