The effect of preoperative dexamethasone on early oral intake, vomiting and pain after tonsillectomy

Abstract

Postoperative morbidity in patients undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy includes inadequate oral intake, pain, nausea, vomiting and bleeding. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of preoperative 0.5 mg/kg i.v. dexamethasone on postoperative early oral intake, pain, vomiting in patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy while performing standard anesthesia technique and sharp dissection tonsillectomy. In this prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study 62 children, aged 4-12 years, who underwent tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy were randomly assigned to receive single dose of 0.5 mg/kg i.v. dexamethasone preoperatively. Patients started to receive 100 ml of clear fluids 2 h postoperatively, then were offered every hour. When pain score was 3 or above, paracetamol was given for pain control. Tolerating 400 ml of clear fluids, no bleeding and no vomiting were accepted as discharge criteria. The discharge time was also recorded. The incidence of early vomiting, pain scores, amount of oral intake were recorded until the discharge time. Compared with placebo, the patients who received preoperative dexamethasone had significantly less pain score during the first 6 h postoperatively (p<0.05), adequate amount of oral intake time was shorter (p<0.05) and the discharge time was earlier (p<0.05). No difference was found in vomiting incidence in both groups. Preoperative dexamethasone use significantly reduces early posttonsillectomy pain, improves oral intake and facilitates meeting the discharge criteria while using standard anesthesia technique and sharp dissection tonsillectomy without any significant side effects.