The Effect of Premature Births on Language Delay in Children: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background: Child development problems are problems that need attention. A child can experience developmental delays in one or more developmental domains. It usually occurs in infants who born prematurely. In Indonesia, data from the Ministry of Health states that there are 675,700 premature infants in Indonesia. This study aimed to examine the effect of premature births on language delay in children using a meta-analysis Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. The articles used in this study were obtained from several databases including PubMed, Wiley, Springer Link, Elsevier, BMC Pediatrics and Google Scholar. The articles used in this study were those published from 2000-2020. The article search was carried out by considering the eligibility criteria defined using the PICO model. The population in the study were children with intervention in the form of babies born prematurely, the comparison was that babies born at term, the outcome was language delay. The keywords for searching articles are as follows: (preterm OR "short gestational ages" OR SGA OR premature) AND "language delay" AND child AND observational AND aOR. The articles included in this study are full text articles with an observational study design. Articles were collected using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3. Results: A total of 8 articles from the Americas, Europe, Asia and Australia were reviewed in this study. The meta-analysis combining 8 cohort studies concluded that preterm infants caused language delay in children 1.65 times as much as non-nomal children (aOR= 1.65, 95% CI= 1.11 to 2.44, p= 0.010). Conclusion: Infants born prematurely experience delays in language development. Keywords: premature birth, language development delay Correspondence: Alfiani Vivi Sutanto. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: alfianivivi85@gmail.com. Mobile: 085799253- 568.