Abstract
The present study investigates the influence of preheating temperature on the internally mixed twin-fluid atomization of a high-viscosity fluid, known as fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO), motivated by the recent surge in the deployment of bioliquid sprays in sustainable energy systems. The bulk and interfacial rheological properties of FPBO were determined at three different temperatures, up to 80 °C, and used to elucidate its resulting flow structures and spray characteristics at two liquid flow rates, 30 and 40 mL/min, and five atomizing airflow rates between 6.5 and 16 L/min and between 8.5 and 21 L/min, respectively. The preheated FPBO exhibited a shear-thinning behaviour characterized by a power-law model. An internal impingement of gas-liquid flows was used to generate small droplets at the immediate vicinity of the nozzle exit. However, the near-field flow visualizations of FPBO sprays revealed the coexistence of long undulating ligaments adhered to the nozzle inner wall along with the presence of dispersed droplets connected by thin threads in regions far from the nozzle. The FPBO preheated at a higher temperature exhibited a narrower size distribution and a smaller mean diameter of spray droplets. A general model was developed through energy balance considerations to predict the mean diameter of spray droplets for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids within ±10% of error.
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