The effect of ply drop-off on tensile strength of thermoplastic carbon fiber composite: a numerical and experimental study

Abstract

PurposeIn laminate composite structure design, it is common to deal with the need of varying thickness to reach project requirement or improve performance. This change of thickness can be achieved by terminating or adding plies at different locations over the laminate. Unfortunately, the inherent weakness of this construction is the presence of material and geometric discontinuities at the ply drop region that induce premature interlaminar failure at interfaces between dropped and continuous plies.Design/methodology/approachIn this work, tensile strength tests were performed on tapered laminates with internal ply drop-off using digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The laminate based on a new thermoplastic ELIUM® 150 reinforced by a plain weave carbon fabric was manufactured via VARTM. Stress, strain, displacement and tensile strength were analyzed. A 3D finite element analysis (FEA) and design of experiments (DOEs) were carried out for the analysis of effect of position and angle orientation of dropped plies near the thinner section of the tapered laminate. Tsai Wu's criterion was implemented to predict initiation of first ply failure.FindingsNumerical and experimental results showed that position and angle orientation of ply drop-off near the thinner thickness influence tensile strength of tapered laminate. Tensile static strength increases 12% when drop-off near the midplane is oriented at ±45° instead of 0°. Results showed a trend of improvement in the tensile strength when drop-off is positioned over midplane of the laminate composite. Results obtained through the DOEs were able to adjust the metamodel according to a linear model with great efficiency. They show the significant relevance of the manufacturing variables and the interaction between the factors.Originality/valueThe present work aims to evaluate the effect of ply drop-off on the strength of carbon fiber thermoplastic composite laminates with internal drop-off under tensile load and propose a design guideline about angle orientation and position of dropped plies closer to the thinner section of the laminate.