Abstract
The objective of the research results of which are presented in this paper was to determine the effect of selected physicochemical properties of fuels on ecological parameters of a diesl engine. Physicochemical parameters of fuel have a decisive effect on correct functioning, operating parameters, and cleanliness of the exhaust gas emitted to the environment by any combustion engine. Results of physicochemical studies can be useful in developing fuels blends of specific properties, whereas results obtained in the course of tests carried out on an engine test bench allow to optimize parameters of the fuel injection process with the aim to reduce emissions of toxic compounds to atmosphere.
Highlights
Until quite recently, toxicity of fuels were considered only from the point of view of hazards to human health and life
The present paper presents result obtained for commercially available diesel fuel (ONH), FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) (B100), and a blend containing 40% of rape oil and 60% of commercially available diesel fuel (OR40)
As a result of the performed research, values of the following physicochemical properties characterizing the fuels selected for the assessment were measured: density at 15°C; flash point; cold filter plugging point (CFPP); kinematic viscosity at 40°C; derived cetane number (DCN); and fraction composition
Summary
Toxicity of fuels were considered only from the point of view of hazards to human health and life. Information about toxic properties of any specific fuel must be disclosed in the Material Safety Data Sheet according to EU Directive 91/155/EEC [4, 7]. Adverse effects of fuels used in transport on natural environment can be both direct and indirect. As far as the direct environmental effect are concerned, the effects can be categorized as follows [1, 3]: − pollution of ecosystems, − toxic effects on living organisms, − persistence in the environment. Indirect effects on the natural environment are related mainly to toxic product of combustion of engine fuels which, according to applicable normative instruments, include: carbon oxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate matter (PM). 65 chemical compounds have been identified in diesel fuel, including 14 mutagenic polycyclic aromatic compounds of which 9 are considered carcinogenic [1, 6, 10]
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