The effect of physicochemical parameters on the abundance of zooplankton of River Adada, Enugu, Nigeria

Abstract

Because of the pivotal role of zooplankton in most aquatic ecosystems; there is constant need to explore the effect of stressors (such as physicochemical properties of freshwater) on their abundance. We documented the effect of temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate (NO3-), and phosphate (PO4³-) on the abundance of zooplankton of the River Adada, Nigeria. Using a manual pump, zooplankton were collected from three strategic stations from January to April (dry season) and June to September (rainy season). A total of 2,219 (dry = 945; rainy = 1,274) zooplankton occurred in the following descending order of abundance: copepods < rotifers < cladocerans < ostracods < insect larva. Whereas based on species number, cladocerans (n = 10) < copepods (n = 8) < rotifers (n = 7) < insect larva (n = 4) < ostracods (n = 2) occurred in this descending order. The downstream (station C) had more zooplankton (dry = 427; rainy = 391), followed by the mid-stream (station B; dry = 216; rainy = 591) and upstream (station A; dry = 302; rainy = 292). There was also a significant (P < 0.05) joint interactive effect of thermal condition on turbidity, pH, DO, PO4³- and NO3- to influence zooplankton abundance. Indicating that temperature is an important factor determining the assemblage of zooplankton in freshwater. Nevertheless, to assure an accurate evaluation of the effect of physicochemical parameters on zooplankton abundance in freshwater, future studies should include extended study periods and make use of more sophisticated trapping technique that would ensure the collection of a larger sample size with more species of zooplankton.