Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are used for magnetophoresis-based separation processes in various biomedical and engineering applications. Essential requirements are the colloidal stability of the MNPs and the ability to be separated even in low magnetic field gradients. Bare iron oxide nanoparticles (BIONs) with a diameter of 9.2 nm are synthesized via coprecipitation, exhibiting a high saturation magnetization of 70.84 Am2 kg−1 and no remanence. In our study, zeta potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and sedimentation analysis show that the aggregation behavior of BIONs is influenced by pH and viscosity. Small aggregate clusters are formed with either low or high pH values or increased viscosity. Regarding magnetophoresis-based separation, a higher viscosity leads to lower magnetophoretic velocities, similar to how small aggregates do. Additionally, cooperative magnetophoresis, the joint motion of strongly interacting particles, affects the separation of the BIONs, too. Our study emphasizes the effect of pH and viscosity on the physicochemical characteristics of MNPs, resulting in different aggregation behavior. Particularly, for high viscous working media in downstream processing and medicine, respectively, the viscosity should be taken into account, as it will affect particle migration.
Highlights
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have become an important nanomaterial in biotechnology, in chemistry, and in medicine [1,2,3,4,5,6]
The temperature was kept constant at 27 ◦ C via a water bath
bare iron oxide nanoparticles (BIONs) with an average diameter of 9.2 nm were synthesized via coprecipitation, showing a high saturation magnetization [38]
Summary
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have become an important nanomaterial in biotechnology, in chemistry, and in medicine [1,2,3,4,5,6] They entail characteristics such as biocompatibility, high binding capacities, and cost-efficient production via coprecipitation. Their superparamagnetic properties are advantageous during the separation process, as the MNPs show no remanence at room temperature. Magnetophoresis-based processes provide a simple and efficient method, where the desired entity (magnetic or magnetically labeled with MNPs) is isolated by applying an external magnetic field [9,10,11].
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