Abstract
Hybrid oils in an elastomer matrix provide superior physical and chemical properties over conventional elastomer composites. In this study, we investigated the possibility of utilizing palm-based hybrid oil as a processing oil, with various other added oils such as methylester, palm monoglyceride and dammar, and their effects on the curing characteristics, mechanical, abrasion resistance and heat build-up properties of elastomer composites. The elastomer composites with the hybrid oils exhibit remarkable improvements in mechanical properties such as modulus, tensile strength, elongation and toughness, which were ascribed to the enhanced dispersion of the fillers in the elastomer matrix. Also, the hybrid oils in the elastomer matrix showed outstanding heat build-up, abrasion and rebound resilience properties at low loadings. The synergistic effects in the elastomer matrix achieved by the hybridization of palm oil and other oils represent a significant contribution to advanced, stronger elastomer composites in various applications.
Highlights
Elastomers, which are polymers with viscoelastic properties, are considered to be excellent host matrixes for composite materials, and are widely used in practical industry applications [1,2,3,4,5].The conventional elastomer compound contains an elastomer, filler, activator, sulfur, accelerator, and processing aids to enhance its properties in the tire industry
Composites of carbon black and elastomers produced by Banbury internal mixing were prepared with palm oil-based hybrid oils for comparison with composites with unmodified palm oil
We fabricated palm oil-based hybrid oils which were integrated into an elastomer matrix using a simple two-roll mixer mixing approach
Summary
Elastomers, which are polymers with viscoelastic properties, are considered to be excellent host matrixes for composite materials, and are widely used in practical industry applications [1,2,3,4,5]. Petroleum and vegetable oils are added to elastomer compounds as softeners to facilitate their processing for extrusion and calendaring and to enhance the addition and dispersion of the other compounding ingredients. Kukreja and coworkers reported that acrylonitrile butadiene elastomer composites with dehydrated castor oil substituted dioctylphthalate showed increased plasticizing efficiency and aging resistance [12]. The improved dispersion of fillers in the elastomer matrix produced a remarkable synergetic effect which significantly enhanced abrasion resistance, heat build-up and rebound resilience properties. Based on these results, we can confirm that palm oil-based hybrid oils may be used as multipurpose additives in elastomer nanocomposites
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