Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic changes alter gene expression, contributing to cancer. Epigenetic changes in cancer arise from alterations in DNA and histone modifications that lead to tumour suppressor gene silencing and the activation of oncogenes. The acetylation status of histones and non-histone proteins are determined by the histone deacetylases and histone acetyltransferases that control gene transcription. Organoselenium compounds have become promising contenders in cancer therapeutics. Apart from their anti-oxidative effects, several natural and synthetic organoselenium compounds and metabolites act as histone deacetylase inhibitors, which influence the acetylation status of histones and non-histone proteins, altering gene transcription. This review aims to summarise the effect of natural and synthetic organoselenium compounds on histone and non-histone protein acetylation/deacetylation in cancer therapy.
Highlights
Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide
We summarise the effect of organoselenium compounds and nano-selenium particles on histone and non-histone protein acetylation/deacetylation in cancer prevention and therapy
The histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitory action of eleven ebselen analogues was investigated; in this review, we focused on the Secontaining ebselen analogue, ebselen oxide (Figure 6)
Summary
In 2018, the World Health Organization’s Annual Global Cancer Statistics indicated that 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million deaths have occurred [1,2]. These statistics have increased tremendously over the past few years and are expected to double by 2040 [2]. Significant advances have been made in cancer prevention and therapy; early detection, toxic side effects, drug resistance, and treatment costs pose substantial challenges [2]. Lifestyle and dietary modification are key in preventing cancer [2]. Selenium (Se) is a trace element and essential micronutrient that can be obtained through the diet and nutritional supplements. Selenium modulates cell survival and proliferation through its pro- and anti-oxidant effects [4,5] and anti-inflammatory effects [6,7,8,9]
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