The effect of organic sorbates on water associated with environmentally important sorbents: estimating and the LFER analysis

Abstract

The effect of organic sorbates on the water associated with naturally occurring sorbents is of significant interest since it probes the hydration of a sorbate-specific microenvironment and its role in a compound partitioning between various environmental compartments. This effect was described in a thermodynamically strict way by converting the sorption isotherms of organic vapors on variously hydrated sorbents into the derivatives relating the change in the amount of water associated with a sorbent to the change in the amount of an organic sorbate. Further, these derivatives were analyzed by means of the Linear Free Energy Relationship (LFER). The analysis included the sorption data for various organic vapors on such environmentally important sorbents as quartz, metal oxides, calcite, clay minerals and humic acid. From the LFER analysis it followed that (i) organic sorbate polarizability contributions from n- and π-electrons resulted in driving water into the sorbent phase; (ii) the increasing volume of the organic compounds involved expelling water molecules; (iii) the increasing hydrogen-bond acidity and basicity of organic sorbates resulted in expelling water from inorganic surfaces but in enhancing hydration of the humic phase. In contrast to inorganic surfaces, when sorbed on strongly hydrated humic acid, the majority of organic sorbates containing oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms drive water into the sorbent phase. Several molecules of water may need to be cosorbed by a humic sorbent for each sorbed molecule of an organic compound thus supporting the possibility of the concomitant participation of a number of water molecules in organic sorbate–humic matter interactions.