Abstract
The effect of organic fertilization (using three rates of poultry manure) and biological fertilization (using a nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain Azospirillum brasilense, mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and another bacterial strain dissolving phosphate(Bacillus megatherium) on Calendula officinalis L. plant during two consecutive seasons were studied. The results showed that all organic and biological fertilization treatments improved different vegetative growth characteristics and enhanced flowering factors. The various chemical components (Chlorophyll A&B) and carotenoids, as well as an increase in carbohydrates, minerals percentage and oleanolic acid. Hence, organic and biological fertilizers can be used as an alternative to chemical fertilization, which reduces production costs and pollution the agricultural environment and leads to improvement of the natural and chemical properties.
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