Abstract
BackgroundA number of abnormalities has been identified among drug addicted users especially heroin addicts. However, there are a few studies to assess the opium effects on thyroid hormones. the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of opium on the thyroid function tests.MethodIn this case–control, 50 male addicts, aged 20–50 years, with history of addiction to opium lasting more than two years, and 50 male non-addicts as control group were randomly selected. 10 cc blood sample was taken for measurements of TSH, total T4 and T3, free T4 and T3, and T3 resin uptake (T3RU) and 50 cc urine sample for opium testing.ResultsThe univariate analysis revealed that there was not a significant association between opium and serum levels of T4 and TSH, but compared with control group, a slight increase in total T3 and a decrease in T3RU were observed among addicts (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, opium was also found to exert a lowering effect on serum free T4 level after adjusting of age and cigarette smoking (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe findings of the present study demonstrated that opium can influence on thyroid function by increasing total T3 and decreasing T3RU and free T4 levels.
Highlights
Increasing rate of narcotics consumption is one of the major challenges in most countries
Total T3 level was significantly higher in addicts (P = 0.017), while T3 resin uptake (T3RU) in this group was significantly lower than that in the non-addict group (P = 0.011)
There was no significant difference between the two groups in regard to other thyroid parameters (Table 1)
Summary
Increasing rate of narcotics consumption is one of the major challenges in most countries. Opium and heroin have high rate of consumption around the world. In Iran, according to the previous studies, the prevalence of opium consumption is very high. In spite of many studies about the effects of morphine on body systems, the effects of long-term consumption of opium on endocrine system have not been investigated so much and most related studies have focused on the effects of heroine which is the most major consumed narcotic in western countries [6]. There are a few studies to assess the opium effects on thyroid hormones. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of opium on the thyroid function tests. Method: In this case–control, 50 male addicts, aged 20–50 years, with history of addiction to opium lasting more than two years, and 50 male non-addicts as control group were randomly selected. 10 cc blood sample was taken for measurements of TSH, total T4 and T3, free T4 and T3, and T3 resin uptake (T3RU) and 50 cc urine sample for opium testing
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