The effect of one avocado per day on established and emerging cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors: study design

Abstract

Clinical studies have demonstrated consistently that diets high in monounsaturated (MUFA) and low in saturated fatty acids (SFA) lower total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) as effectively as lower‐fat, low SFA diets. Avocados are a good source of MUFA and also are rich in vitamins, minerals and phytosterols which could beneficially affect CVD risk. A randomized, 3‐period cross‐over, controlled feeding study was designed to evaluate the effects of avocados on established and emerging risk factors for CVD. Overweight and obese (BMI 25–35 kg/m2) men and women with moderately elevated LDL‐C (25 – 90th) will consume 3 treatment diets with a 2 week run‐in Western diet. Treatment diets are matched for SFA (<7% energy) and include a low‐fat diet (LF: 24% fat, 12% MUFA), a moderate fat diet (MF: 34% fat, 18% MUFA), and a moderate fat diet providing 1 avocado per day (AV: 34% fat, 18% MUFA) with the equivalent fatty acid profile of the MF diet. We hypothesize that the inclusion of 1 avocado per day in a cholesterol‐lowering moderate fat diet will improve CVD risk factors including lipids, lipoproteins, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, and improve reverse cholesterol transport compared to a heart‐healthy low fat diet and a moderate fat diet without avocado.This study is supported by the Hass Avocado Board of California. ClincalTrials.gov identifier: NCT0123582