Abstract

Different types of hydraulic oils are used in fluid power systems in various countries and conditions. Especially in mobile hydraulics, the range of used oils is very wide. Properties of oils (viscosity, density, foaming and additives) differ significantly from one oil type to another. Performance of a fluid power component is significantly dependent on the properties of oil, as the component consists of several orifices, clearances and tribological pairs. Performance of a fluid power component can be greatly affected by wear. Properties of a hydraulic oil have an affect on the tribological behavior of a fluid power component as well as on the occurrence of cavitation. Material loss in a fluid power component is affected by oil type due to their different behavior in tribological pairs and cavitating flows. The most commonly used hydraulic oils as well as motor oils have been studied in the IHA at two different test systems. In a cavitating-jet apparatus, the material loss due to cavitation erosion is studied and in a Vickers 20VQ test, the material loss due to tribological action in vane pump is studied. Importance of oil type on wear in fluid power components is discussed. Material losses in Vickers 20VQ test and cavitating-jet apparatus are presented and compared.

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