Abstract
Using data from the 1976 census in Iran this study investigates the relationship between the distribution of oil revenue and fertility patterns across the countrys 23 provinces. Contrary to expectations in Iran the increase of oil revenues from 1952 to 1975 was not accompanied by a decline in the fertility rate. Urbanization plays less of a role in predicting fertility than do other variables. Much urban growth in Iran can be attributed to migration of the rural and small urban population seeking employment--the result not of social or economic development but of unequal distribution of wealth across the provinces. High school and college education of females aged 15-29 and the lower proportion of married females age 20-24 were found to be important factors in depressing the fertility rate. The path model indicates that the effect of oil revenue on the fertility pattern across the provinces is not direct: much of the expenditure for education was concentrated in urban areas of oil/industrial oriented provinces. And as the % of high school and college education for females increases so also does womens average age at 1st marriage.
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