The effect of obesity on adverse outcomes and metabolism in pediatric burn patients

Abstract

HypothesisObesity influences metabolism and increases the incidence of clinical complications and worsens outcomes in pediatric burn patients.DesignRetrospective, single-center study.SubjectsFive hundred ninety-two severely burned pediatric patients who had burns covering more than 30% of the total body surface area and who were treated between 2001 and 2008 were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into ≥ 85th percentile (n = 277) and normal (n = 315) weight groups based on body mass index percentiles.ResultsPatients stratified below (normal) and ≥ 85th percentile had similar age, gender distribution, and total burn size. No significant differences were detected in the incidence of sepsis (11% for obese vs. 10% for normal), the incidence of multiple organ failure (21% for obese and 16% for normal), or mortality (11% for obese vs. 8% for normal). Compared to the normal group, the ≥ 85th percentile group had low levels of constitutive proteins (α2macroglobulin and Apolipoprotein A-1) (p < 0.05 for both) as well as high levels of triglycerides and the acute-phase protein, C-reactive protein (p < 0.05 for both) up to 60 days after injury. Patients ≥ 85th percentile showed a significant higher loss of bone mineral density and lipolysis compared to normal individuals. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that body mass index had a positive predictive value towards the maximum DENVER2 score, an index of organ failure (p < 0.001).ConclusionsBMI ≥ 85th percentile altered the post-burn acute phase and catabolic response but did not increase the incidence of sepsis, multiple organ failure, or mortality in pediatric burn patients. Our results suggest that impaired metabolism and an altered inflammatory response occurs already in patients starting at the 85th percentile BMI.