Abstract
Background: Improvements in diet and/or exercise are often advocated during prostate cancer treatment, yet the efficacy of, and optimal nutrition and exercise prescription for managing cancer-related fatigue and quality of life remains elusive. The aim of this study is to systematically review the effects of nutrition and/or exercise on cancer-related fatigue and/or quality of life. Methods: A literature search was conducted in six electronic databases. The Delphi quality assessment list was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the literature. The study characteristics and results were summarized in accordance with the review’s Population, Intervention, Control, Outcome (PICO) criteria. Results: A total of 20 articles (one diet only, two combined diet and exercise, and seventeen exercise only studies) were included in the review. Soy supplementation improved quality of life, but resulted in several adverse effects. Prescribing healthy eating guidelines with combined resistance training and aerobic exercise improved cancer-related fatigue, yet its effect on quality of life was inconclusive. Combined resistance training with aerobic exercise showed improvements in cancer-related fatigue and quality of life. In isolation, resistance training appears to be more effective in improving cancer-related fatigue and quality of life than aerobic exercise. Studies that utilised an exercise professional to supervise the exercise sessions were more likely to report improvements in both cancer-related fatigue and quality of life than those prescribing unsupervised or partially supervised sessions. Neither exercise frequency nor duration appeared to influence cancer-related fatigue or quality of life, with further research required to explore the potential dose-response effect of exercise intensity. Conclusion: Supervised moderate-hard resistance training with or without moderate-vigorous aerobic exercise appears to improve cancer-related fatigue and quality of life. Targeted physiological pathways suggest dietary intervention may alleviate cancer-related fatigue and improve quality of life, however the efficacy of nutrition management with or without exercise prescription requires further exploration.
Highlights
Advances in treatment for prostate cancer have improved prostate cancer-specific survival, with 5–10-year disease-free survival rates in Western countries between 75% and 94% [1,2,3,4,5].Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery are the current mainstream treatment options, due to their efficacy in reducing prostate-specific disease progression [6]
The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature from controlled and single arm intervention trials that investigated the effects of nutrition, exercise or combined nutrition and exercise on Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and/or quality of life, in men diagnosed with prostate cancer
Abstracts of these records were assessed for eligibility; full texts of the remaining 41 articles were independently examined by B.J.B., K.A.B., and T.L.S
Summary
Advances in treatment for prostate cancer have improved prostate cancer-specific survival, with 5–10-year disease-free survival rates in Western countries between 75% and 94% [1,2,3,4,5].Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery (radical prostatectomy) are the current mainstream treatment options, due to their efficacy in reducing prostate-specific disease progression [6]. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most commonly reported treatment-related side effect from prostate cancer [11,12,13], and may impact quality of life during, and for many years following treatment [14,15]. To enable effective translation to clinical practice, the optimal nutrition management and exercise prescription principles of frequency, intensity, time and type for improving CRF need to be elucidated. Improvements in diet and/or exercise are often advocated during prostate cancer treatment, yet the efficacy of, and optimal nutrition and exercise prescription for managing cancer-related fatigue and quality of life remains elusive. The aim of this study is to systematically review the effects of nutrition and/or exercise on cancer-related fatigue and/or quality of life
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
