Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is complex heterogeneous disorder that has several aspects in terms of pathology such as metabolic, endocrine, reproductive, and psychological. However, the etiology of PCOS remains poorly understood. Several studies suggest that insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism play a central role in the progression of PCOS pathophysiology. Therefore, common treatment strategies of PCOS are based on lifestyle modification, which include exercise, diet, and nutrient supplementation therapy. Recent studies have recommended some nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and vitamin-like nutrients for the therapy of PCOS because each has at least one functional property in PCOS-induced pathways. Therefore, it is claimed that the cause of PCOS could be vitamin or mineral deficiency. This review aims to provide a critical literature survey on nutritional supplementation for the treatment of PCOS-associated endocrine and metabolic dysfunctions and discuss the role of nutrients in the management of PCOS in view of the clinical trials and experimental studies.
Highlights
The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases that affects 5 to 10% of women of adolescent and reproductive age [1,2]
Reproductive neuroendocrine defects, impaired ovarian steroidogenesis, insulin resistance (IR), and increased cortisol metabolismrelated adrenal hyperandrogenism can be among the causes of Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) [9,10,11]
Insulin is considered as a key hormone for hyperandrogenism in the PCOS pathophysiology via two different pathways: 1)
Summary
The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases that affects 5 to 10% of women of adolescent and reproductive age [1,2]. According to the Rotterdam criteria, PCOS is defined by the existence of at least two of three criteria, which are hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound findings [4]. Reproductive neuroendocrine defects, impaired ovarian steroidogenesis, insulin resistance (IR), and increased cortisol metabolismrelated adrenal hyperandrogenism can be among the causes of PCOS [9,10,11]. Insulin is considered as a key hormone for hyperandrogenism in the PCOS pathophysiology via two different pathways: 1). 221 Nutrient Supplementation in PCOS insulin stimulates androgen production of theca cells with luteinizing hormone (LH) and elevated androgen production leads to hirsutism, acne, and anovulatory infertility. Various nutrients have regulatory roles in the insulin signaling pathway and androgen synthesis. It is clear that nutrition-associated signaling pathways play a central role in the regulation of ovarian follicle growth and ovulation rates [15]. This review addresses current knowledge about the efficacy of nutrients in the treatment of PCOS in view of experimental studies and clinical studies
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