Abstract
Chronic hypernutrition and high fat diet (HFD), rich in saturated fatty acids leads to molecular changes in insulin sensitive tissues and is followed by dyslipidemia. That is why the aim of our study was to investigate the fatty acid (FA) composition of phospholipids (PL), free fatty acids (FFA), triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol esters (CE) of adipocytes in different age rats with HFD-induced insulin resistance (IR) and its changes under N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE) administration. The experimental model was induced on rats in age 10-month-old and 24-month-old by 6-month HFD and confirmed by the oral glucose tolerance test. NSE was administrated as water suspension per os in a dosage 50 mg/kg daily during 2 weeks. Adipocytes were isolated from abdominal fat using Type 1 Collagenase solution. Adipocytes lipid extract was separated on the fractions by thin-layer chromatography. The fatty acid composition of lipid fractions was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Experimental data were processed statistically using Student’s t-test. It was demonstrated, that prolonged HFD induces IR and leads to changes in FA profile of adipocytes PL, TAG, CE and composition of FFA in rats from two age groups. The results we obtained shoved that the aging process affects the fatty acid composition of adipocytes. Particularly, there was a significant decrease in the amount of fatty acids in the fractions of phospholipids, triacylglycerols and cholesterol esters together with a decrease in the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids. It was also demonstrated, that HFD significantly alters the fatty acid composition of all investigated adipocytes lipid fractions of younger age group rats, while similar changes were much less manifested in older age group of animals. NSE administration had a positive effect on the normalization of the fatty acid composition of the studied lipid fractions of both age group rat adipocytes. This study demonstrated that prolonged HFD induces obesity, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes development and leads to changes in adipocytes FA profile in rats from two age groups. As far as NSE administration had a positive effect on normalization of FA composition of adipocytes, we can consider NSE as a prospective agent for the treatment of obesity-induced complications and correction of age-related dyslipidemia.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization, the percentage of older people is steadily increasing and is projected to double by 2050 compared to 2015 and will exceed one fifth of all the human population [1]
The age characteristics of the adipocyte lipid fractions fatty acid composition of rats at the age of 10 months and 24 months were established and the study results demonstrated, that phospholipids, triacylglycerols and cholesterol esters were depleted of FAs in older rats, whereas their pool of free fatty acids increased significantly compared to the younger animals
This situation was reflected in some classes of FAs: the decrease in the number of saturated fatty acids (SFA), MUFA and Bi-UFA of phospholipids of older rats was accompanied by their quantitative increase in free fatty acids (FFA) pool
Summary
According to the World Health Organization, the percentage of older people is steadily increasing and is projected to double by 2050 compared to 2015 and will exceed one fifth of all the human population [1]. The situation is further complicated by the fact that aging is accompanied with (2020), «EUREKA: Life Sciences» Number 2 a redistribution of the ratio of subcutaneous and abdominal adipose tissue towards the increase of the latter, and excess deposition of visceral fat is recognized as a source of chronic inflammatory process and the above mentioned metabolic disorders [4]. It is well known, that fatty acids (FA) are one of the major components of lipids, which biochemical properties depend mainly on the fatty acid composition. Given the important role of adipose tissue in the regulation of eating behavior, lipid metabolism, energy expenditure, etc., it is important to maintain the structural and functional state of adipocyte membranes, which in turn depends largely on the composition of FAs
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