Abstract
In solids which show a ductile/cleavage transition the operative stress system is an important parameter which controls failure. Inclining the notch in a Charpy testpiece at 45° to the side faces changes the stress state in the vicinity of the notch from plane strain to plane stress. Impact tests on two steels showed that a 45° notch reduced the energy transition temperature by about 80°C. The angle an applied stress makes with a defect is therefore an important factor in the behaviour of structures subject to brittle fracture.
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