Abstract
This study has investigated the niobium (Nb) additions effect on both microstructure and heat-treated Ti-10Mo-xNb (x = 3, 6 and 9) alloys mechanical properties. The microstructures were characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical characterization was carried out by Vickers microhardness test and Young's modulus measurements. The outcomes show that the addition of Nb in alloys decreased the proportion of ω and α' phases. The Ti-10Mo-3Nb alloy presented the best hardness and elastic modulus combination among the three developed alloys and also with respect to Ti-6Al-4V alloy and commercially pure Ti.
Highlights
Ti-based alloys have been widely used as permanent implant materials in the replacement of damaged hard tissues due to their high corrosion resistance, good biocompatibility and good mechanical properties such as high strength and low elastic modulus[1, 2]
As some α/α’ and α’’ phases reflections are very close and hard to distinguish in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data, TEM analysis was used to identify the possible presence of martensitic phases in the microstructures
The results indicate that the precipitation sequence in these solution treated alloys proceeds via different mechanisms depending of alloy composition, thereby resulting in different microstructures
Summary
Ti-based alloys have been widely used as permanent implant materials in the replacement of damaged hard tissues due to their high corrosion resistance, good biocompatibility and good mechanical properties such as high strength and low elastic modulus[1, 2]. (%)[7, 8], β phase is retained during quenching from temperatures above the β transus in a metastable condition at room temperature. If this value is lower, martensitic transformation may occur during quenching, forming either the α’ (hexagonal) or α’’ (orthorhombic) phases, depending on the solute concentration in the alloy[9]. As an alloy elastic modulus is mainly determined by both amount and modulus of its constituent phases[11], the addition of different alloying elements and the combination of solution treatment and/or ageing affect the thermodynamics stability and the kinetic of phase precipitation, and should be carefully designed in order to obtain a low modulus alloy. It is well known that among the phases normally formed in Ti-based alloys, ω phase presents the highest elastic modulus, followed by
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