The Effect of Naturally Occurring Dietary Chemicals and Food-Borne Mycotoxins on DNA Methylation and Cancer - A Review

Abstract

Food-borne mycotoxins (FBM) can have severe effects, causing sickness or even death shortly after consuming contaminated food. Chronic exposure to mycotoxins is linked to cancer development and immune deficiencies. DNA methylation plays a role in diseases like cancer, influencing the expression of genes that regulate tumor growth. Mycotoxins can lead to crop loss, chemical production, and uncontrolled fungi growth. Aflatoxins, a type of mycotoxin, increase cancer risk and cause severe illnesses. Artificial Light At Night (ALAN) affects melatonin secretion, influencing global DNA methylation in cancer cells. FBM-ALAN shows promise against cancers by restoring normal expression of critical tumor suppressor genes and correcting abnormal DNA methylation. Abnormal DNA methylation can lead to diseases like cancer by silencing tumor suppressors and overexpressing oncogenes. Understanding DNA methylation is crucial for regulating gene expression and preventing illness in eukaryotic cells.