Abstract
The effects of climate change differ from one region to another, as its effects are not the same in all regions of the world. The consequences differ from one region to another, according to its geographical location, or according to the ability of the region and its social and environmental systems to adapt to climate change or mitigate its effects. One of the most important factors of climate change is global warming. There are two major sources of global warming: natural and human. The human resource contributes by adding heat and greenhouse gases to the atmosphere because of the global use of fossil fuels, nuclear energy, burning of natural gas, coal, timber, and others. Natural gas flaring is one of the most important challenges facing energy sources and the environment globally and locally. In this study, light was shed on the flaring of natural gas in Basra Governorate and its impact on the environment and climate change. The results showed that burning natural gas in Basra contributes to changing the local climate by adding heat and greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, which led to an increase in the air temperature in the region. In recent years, it has reached (52 degrees Celsius), and it also affects air pollution by increasing concentrations of toxic gases in the atmosphere, and it is one reason for the increase in the number of cancer patients in Basra Governorate. And there was a strong positive correlation between increased gas burning and an increase in cancer cases.
Highlights
The effects of climate change differ from one region to another, as its effects are not the same in all regions of the world
We have concluded that natural gas flaring in Basra governorate contributes to adding heat to the atmosphere in addition to adding greenhouse gases
The neighboring countries of Basra contributed by adding heat and greenhouse gases to the atmosphere regionally and globally
Summary
The process of NG flaring has existed since the beginning of the production of crude oil. The impact of NG flaring is of local and global concern, it is one of the most challenging energy and environmental problems facing the world today whether regionally or globally [4] NG flaring is one of the upstream oil and gas industry processes to dispose undesirable NG through high-temperature oxidation at the tip of a stack [5] often with devastating effects on the local environment through visual pollution[6], noise, light, heat stress[7], acid rain[8], flaring emits volatile organic compounds (VOC), black carbon (BC), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide CO2, the last three are powerful climate forcers, BC and VOCs are dangerous air pollutants. The sources of other data are from websites: top 30 countries gas flaring for the period (20142019) [19], Global average atmospheric Methane for the period (1984-2020) [20], CO2 emission in Iraq for the period (1965-2019) [21]. We compute the amount of heat release from gas flaring and anomaly of annual CO2 emission due to gas flaring, the time series have been plotted by using MS Excel, determine Pearson correlation coefficients between gas flaring and cancer in Basra city
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