Abstract
Wide utilization of nanotechnologies results in the release of nanomaterials into the environment. Considering the sorption capacity of nanoparticles (NPs) and their growing concentration in aquatic environment, the modification of metal ion uptake by direct NP–metal ion reaction, including adsorption of ions onto the surface of the NPs, can be assumed. The aim of the study was to characterize the sorption capacity of zinc and titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs 25 and 100 nm; ZnO NPs 50 and 100 nm) and to examine the bioaccumulation of Zn(II) and Sr(II) ions by aquatic plants Salvinia natans and Elodea canadensis in the presence of the above-mentioned NPs. The results have shown that NPs can adsorb metal ions present in the water. It was also observed that the sorption efficiency strongly depends on the: (1) concentrations of NPs and increase in the range 0.01–5 g L−1; (2) pH—the highest sorption efficiency was observed at pH 8; (3) chemical composition of the medium (presence of humic substances at 0.01 g L−1 increased the sorption efficiency of Sr on TiO2 25 nm from 10 to 50%). Under some conducive conditions, even 90% of Zn(II) ions can be removed from a solution through sorption using ZnO nanoparticles. Bioaccumulation of Zn(II) and Sr(II) ions by S. natans and E. canadensis was modified in the presence of investigated NPs. Bioaccumulation of Sr in E. canadensis and S. natans was reduced by NPs of ZnO 100 nm at concentration 1 g L−1 of about 49 and 23%, respectively. Bioavailability of Zn was the most affected by NPs of ZnO 100 nm at 1 g L−1. Bioaccumulation of Zn in E. canadensis was reduced by 68%. An opposite effect was found for S. natans—addition of ZnO NPs caused an increase of Zn bioaccumulation by 45%.
Highlights
Achievements in the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology find practical applications in many fields of the industry and in daily life
It was observed that the sorption efficiency strongly depends on the: (1) concentrations of NPs and increase in the range 0.01–5 g L-1; (2) pH—the highest sorption efficiency was observed at pH 8; (3) chemical composition of the medium
To characterize the sorption capacity of NPs, the sorption efficiency depending on the size and concentration of NPs, time, temperature, pH, and presence of organic matter was investigated as the first step of the study
Summary
Achievements in the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology find practical applications in many fields of the industry and in daily life. International Journal of Environmental Research (2018) 12:245–253 substances. It can be achieved by direct NP–metal ion reaction, including adsorption of ions onto the surface of NPs. It can be achieved by direct NP–metal ion reaction, including adsorption of ions onto the surface of NPs Another effect is the influence on the transport systems of organisms by forming new, large-sized pores and routes, which increases the uptake of compounds or their adsorption onto the surface of the roots, resulting in inhibition of the uptake. Bioaccumulation and toxicity of cadmium, zinc (Tan and Wang 2014), and copper (Fan et al 2011) by D. magna are modified by titanium dioxide NPs. Nanoparticles of TiO2 enhance the uptake of phenanthrene by Scapharca subcrenata (Tian et al 2014) and the accumulation of cadmium (Zhang et al 2007) and arsenate (Sun et al 2007) in carp
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