Abstract
Candida albicans is the main causative pathogen of denture stomatitis, which affects many complete denture patients. Objective: To evaluate the effect of different concentrations of nanodiamonds (NDs) added to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base material on Candida albicans adhesion as well as on surface roughness and contact angle. Methodology: Acrylic resin specimens sized 10×10×3 mm3 were prepared and divided into four groups (n=30) according to ND concentration (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% by wt). Surface roughness was measured with a profilometer, and the contact angle with a goniometer. The effect of NDs on Candida albicans adhesion was evaluated using two methods: 1) slide count and 2) direct culture test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test were used in the statistical analyses. Results: Addition of NDs decreased the Candida albicans count significantly more than in the control group (p<0.05), with a lowest of 1% NDs. Addition of NDs also significantly decreased the surface roughness (p<0.05), but the contact angle remained the same. Incorporation of NDs into the PMMA denture base material effectively reduced Candida albicans adhesion and decreased surface roughness. Conclusion: PMMA/NDs composites could be valuable in the prevention of denture stomatitis, which is considered one of the most common clinical problems among removable denture wearers.
Highlights
Edentulism increases in old age,1 and in such cases, a conventional complete denture is commonly the treatment of choice
This study evaluated the effect of different concentrations of NDs incorporated into polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base material on Candida albicans adhesion, as well as on the surface and contact angle, with the purpose of preventing denture stomatitis
The results showed a significant decrease in Candida albicans adhesion with the addition of NDs in comparison with the control group
Summary
Edentulism increases in old age, and in such cases, a conventional complete denture is commonly the treatment of choice. Denture bases are constructed from metal and/or acrylic resin. Acrylic resin is more frequently used due to its ease of construction and repair, aesthetics and low cost, despite the material’s drawbacks of high surface roughness and low strength.. A study shows that denture stomatitis (DS) affects more than 70% of patients wearing complete dentures.. A study shows that denture stomatitis (DS) affects more than 70% of patients wearing complete dentures.3 Many factors, such as poor oral hygiene, poor fitting dentures, roughness, porous denture surfaces and systemic diseases, are associated with DS, of which Candida albicans is considered the main causative pathogen.. Studies found that hydrophobicity and surface roughness of denture bases affect the primary attachment and colonization of Candida albicans.. To reduce Candida albicans adherence, the denture base material should be hydrophilic, smooth and less porous. Acrylic resin is more frequently used due to its ease of construction and repair, aesthetics and low cost, despite the material’s drawbacks of high surface roughness and low strength. A study shows that denture stomatitis (DS) affects more than 70% of patients wearing complete dentures. Many factors, such as poor oral hygiene, poor fitting dentures, roughness, porous denture surfaces and systemic diseases, are associated with DS, of which Candida albicans is considered the main causative pathogen. Studies found that hydrophobicity and surface roughness of denture bases affect the primary attachment and colonization of Candida albicans. to reduce Candida albicans adherence, the denture base material should be hydrophilic, smooth and less porous.
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