Abstract
In the new millennium, exclusive breastfeeding plays an important role in national and international policies. The effects of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact (SSC) after birth has been investigated in several studies. Given that there has been no overall estimate of this effects, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of mother-infant SSC on the rate of exclusive breastfeeding through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. In the present study, the databases of Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, SID, Magiran, IranDoc, and Google Scholar were searched to identify randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of mother-infant SSC immediately after birth on the rate of exclusive breastfeeding. The risk of bias and strength of evidence were examined according to the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool and the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach, respectively. The data analysis was performed using Stata software. To assess the publication bias and heterogeneity, Egger’s and Begg’s tests and I2 were used, respectively. In addition, the fixed effects model was employed to perform the meta-analysis. The heterogeneity of the factor of effects in the studies was determined as 16.2% (p<0.303). There was no publication bias among the studies included; the p values of Egger’s and Begg’s tests were 0.168 and 0.386, respectively. The effects of mother-infant SSC on exclusive breastfeeding was statistically significant [odds raito (OR)=2.19; 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.66-2); p<0.001]. The subgroup analysis results in the normal vaginal delivery group included OR=2.45 [95% CI: (1.76-3.35); p<0.001], for the cesarean delivery group the results were OR=1.44 [95% CI: (0.78-2.65); p=0.24], the results for the duration of exclusive breastfeeding as of the discharge time up to 3 months were OR=2.47 [95% CI: (1.76-3.48); p<0.001], and the results for the 3 to 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding were OR=1.71 [95% CI: (1.05-2.78); p=0.030]. The study results showed that mother-infant SSC increased the rate of exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, this finding could be used by maternal and infant health care providers to develop evidence-based intervention programs.
Highlights
Infants are quite vulnerable in the early stages of their life, and due to the higher speed of their growth than at other life stages, it is important that they are provided with sufficient energy, proteins, and other nutrients vital for their future health
All studies were included in the meta-analysis, which resulted in an odds ratio (OR) of 2.19 with 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.66-2.89), implying that the effects of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact (SSC) on exclusive breastfeeding were statistically significant (p
Subgroup analysis was performed based on the type of delivery and periods of exclusive breastfeeding to examine the impact of these two variables on the results (Figures 5, 6)
Summary
Infants are quite vulnerable in the early stages of their life, and due to the higher speed of their growth than at other life stages, it is important that they are provided with sufficient energy, proteins, and other nutrients vital for their future health. Breastfeeding is the most ideal nutrition method at this stage. Breastfeeding plays an important role in formulating national and international policies on general health, child survival, and maternal health, in the new millennium [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Breastfeeding benefits will be maximized if practiced exclusively in the first 6 months after birth and continued with supplementary nutrition up to 2 years. The reduction in the rate of exclusive breastfeeding is one of the most prevalent and serious problems at the present time.
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