Abstract
The removal mechanism of a microbial flocculant produced using a novel Paenibacillus sp. strain A9 (MBFA9) for two heavy metal ions, lead and zinc, from an aqueous solution is studied and compared. The removal rate of Pb(II) or Zn(II) by MBFA9 increased with an increase in the pH when the pH was less than 6.0. The removal rates were 91.26% for Pb(II) and 76.28% for Zn(II). The optimum condition was found at a pH of 5.5 and dosage of MBFA9 of 5% (v/v, 150 mg/L). When the initial concentration of metal ions was 100 mg/L, the removal capacity was 453.70 mg/g for Pb(II) and 398.48 mg/g for Zn(II). The capture process of a single metal ion of Pb(II) or Zn(II) by MBFA9 agreed with the Langmuir adsorption model with fitting coefficients of 0.9907 and 0.9408, respectively. Both the adsorption kinetics and adsorption equilibrium, usually described as adsorption isotherms, showed that this process of Pb(II) or Zn(II) capture by MBFA9 involved simple adsorption of a single molecular layer. The maximum reaction rate constant, K2, of MBFA9 in the captured Pb(II) decreased from 0.0497 to 0.0095, with an increase in the Zn(II) concentration under different Zn(II) concentrations (0, 20, and 40 mg/L). This indicated that the presence of Zn(II) competed with PB(II) for the binding sites of MBFA9 and led to a decrease in the removal rate. The process was controlled by chemical adsorption.
Highlights
The problem of heavy metal pollution due to increased industrial economic activity has aroused widespread societal concern in recent years
The result of the zeta potential test indicated that the surface of MBFA9 belongs to the anionic flocculant, which has a negatively charged group
MBFA9 was prepared with Paenibacillus shenyangensis A9T in a liquid fermentation medium, and the removal of Pb(II) was significantly higher than that of Zn(II) by MBFA9 from an aqueous solution
Summary
The problem of heavy metal pollution due to increased industrial economic activity has aroused widespread societal concern in recent years. Human activities, such as paper, textile, plastic, ceramic, and cement manufacturing, mining, and electronic plating, produce a large amount of wastewater, thereby increasing the heavy metal concentration in natural water and deteriorating environmental quality (Shahid et al, 2015a, 2015b). The neutralization precipitation method is an approach that has been commonly used to treat heavy metal wastewater This method is a simple low-cost process; it has serious disadvantages, such as low treatment efficiency and the production of a large amount of slag by-product (Gupta et al, 2006; Santos et al, 2015). The development of an inexpensive flocculant for wastewater treatment is an important topic in environmental science (Dundar et al, 2008)
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