Abstract
In the present work it was shown that total saponins originated from <i>M. hybrida</i> and <i>M. sativa</i> substantially limited mycelium growth of <i>F. oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>tulipae</i> and symptoms of fusariosis on tulip bulbs. Out of 15 individual tested saponins originated from <i>M. arabica</i>, <i>M. hybrida</i> and <i>M. sativa</i>, four compounds: 3-<i>O</i>-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)α-L-arabinopyranosyl] hederagenin, hederagenin 3-<i>O</i>-β-D-glucopyranoside, medicagenic acid, medicagenic acid 3-<i>O</i>-β-D-glucopyranoside had the strongest inhibitory effect on mycelium growth of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>tulipae</i> on PDA medium. The total saponins from <i>M. arabica</i>, <i>M. hybrida</i> and <i>M. sativa</i> inhibited the number of colony forming units of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>tulipae</i> in artificially infested substrate. The use of saponins originated from <i>Medicago</i> as a fungicide is suggested.
Highlights
The distribution of saponins in plant kingdom and their biological properties have been recently reviewed by Sparg et al (2004)
Eight individual major saponin glycosides isolated from M. hybrida roots were tested for their effect on mycelium growth of Botrytis tulipae and it was documented that hederagenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and medicagenic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside greatly inhibited the growth of the pathogen (Saniewska et al 2006)
The total amount of saponins originated from the roots of M. hybrida and of alfalfa (M. sativa) at concentrations of 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1% showed strong fungitoxic effect against F. oxysporum f. sp. tulipae (F.ox.t.)
Summary
The distribution of saponins in plant kingdom and their biological properties have been recently reviewed by Sparg et al (2004). Saniewska et al (2001) showed differential antifungal activity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) total saponins originated from roots and aerial parts for Alternaria zinniae, Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis tulipae, Phoma narcissi, Phoma poolensis and Rhizoctonia solani. It was found that out of ten tested saponins, isolated from the roots and leaves of Medicago sativa, the following four saponins greatly inhibited linear mycelium growth of Botrytis tulipae and Phoma narcissi: 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside medicagenate, 3O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside] medicagenate, 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl28-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside] medicagenate and medicagenic acid (Saniewska et al 2003). Total saponins originated from shoots of Medicago arabica showed antifungal activity in vitro against the following 11 tested taxons of pathogenic fungi: Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis tulipae, Pestalotia spp, Phoma narcissi, Phoma poolensis, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum f. Total saponins originated from the roots of Medicago hybrida substantially inhibited mycelium growth of Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis tulipae, Fusarium oxysporum f. Eight individual major saponin glycosides isolated from M. hybrida roots were tested for their effect on mycelium growth of Botrytis tulipae and it was documented that hederagenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and medicagenic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside greatly inhibited the growth of the pathogen (Saniewska et al 2006)
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