The effect of mechanical milling on the solid state reactions in the barium oxalate–iron(III) oxide system

Abstract

Abstract The formation of barium hexaferrite, BaFe 12 O 19 , from a 1:6 molar ratio mixture of barium oxalate and iron oxide has been investigated. Thermogravimetry (TGA), high temperature X-ray powder diffraction (HT-XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and micro-Raman spectroscopy have been used to determine the effect of mechanical activation on the solid state reactions occurring during heating. The resulting magnetic properties were investigated measuring hysteresis loops. For the activated mixtures, the mass loss is over at ≈600 °C i.e. well below the temperature where BaCO 3 spontaneous decomposition is complete ( T >850 °C). Such a noticeable temperature lowering is a consequence of the high energy milling enhancing the formation of BaFe 2 O 4 . After heating the milled mixture to 850 °C, BaFe 12 O 19 was rapidly formed from the BaFe 2 O 4 and residual Fe 2 O 3 . Starting from an unmilled mixture, only minor amounts of BaFe 12 O 19 were formed by heating to 850 °C. The favourable formation of barium hexaferrite, when starting from milled powders, has been confirmed by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The powder from the activated sample was shown to have far better magnetic properties than the unactivated sample.