Abstract
Aliphatic biodegradable polyesters have been the most widely used synthetic polymers for developing biodegradable devices as alternatives for the currently used permanent medical devices. The performances during biodegradation process play crucial roles for final realization of their functions. Because physiological and biochemical environment in vivo significantly affects biodegradation process, large numbers of studies on effects of mechanical loads on the degradation of aliphatic biodegradable polyesters have been launched during last decades. In this review article, we discussed the mechanism of biodegradation and several different mechanical loads that have been reported to affect the biodegradation process. Other physiological and biochemical factors related to mechanical loads were also discussed. The mechanical load could change the conformational strain energy and morphology to weaken the stability of the polymer. Besides, the load and pattern could accelerate the loss of intrinsic mechanical properties of polymers. This indicated that investigations into effects of mechanical loads on the degradation should be indispensable. More combination condition of mechanical loads and multiple factors should be considered in order to keep the degradation rate controllable and evaluate the degradation process in vivo accurately. Only then can the degradable devise achieve the desired effects and further expand the special applications of aliphatic biodegradable polyesters.
Highlights
IntroductionWith the development of degradable biomaterials science during the last decades, biodegradable devices have been developed and investigated as alternatives for the currently used scaffolds, drug delivery system and permanent implanted devices for optimization purpose
With the development of degradable biomaterials science during the last decades, biodegradable devices have been developed and investigated as alternatives for the currently used scaffolds, drug delivery system and permanent implanted devices for optimization purpose. Because of their good biodegradability and biocompatibility, aliphatic biodegradable polyesters, mainly including polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA) and their random block copolymers poly(lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA), have been the most widely used synthetic degradable biomaterials for biodegradable devices approved by the US Food and Drug Administration [1,2,3,4] (Fig. 1)
With respect to the chemical and mechanical properties [5,6,7,8,9,10,11] as shown in Table 1 and their good processabilities, PGA, PLA and PLGA have been developed for different prospective commercial applications
Summary
With the development of degradable biomaterials science during the last decades, biodegradable devices have been developed and investigated as alternatives for the currently used scaffolds, drug delivery system and permanent implanted devices for optimization purpose Because of their good biodegradability and biocompatibility, aliphatic biodegradable polyesters, mainly including polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA) and their random block copolymers poly(lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA), have been the most widely used synthetic degradable biomaterials for biodegradable devices approved by the US Food and Drug Administration [1,2,3,4] (Fig. 1). With respect to the chemical and mechanical properties [5,6,7,8,9,10,11] as shown in Table 1 and their good processabilities, PGA, PLA and PLGA have been developed for different prospective commercial applications In the latter half of 1960s [12], aliphatic biodegradable polyesters were first utilized for synthetic biodegradable sutures.
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