Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine whether the use of Mn nanoparticles would make it possible to reduce the level of this micronutrient added to turkey diets without adversely affecting growth performance, antioxidant and immune status, or apoptosis. The experiment was conducted on 6 groups of turkeys with 10 replications in a two-factor design with 3 dosages of manganese, 100, 50 and 10 mg/kg, and 2 sources, manganese oxide (MnO) and manganese nanoparticles (NP-Mn2O3). The study showed that irrespective of the form of Mn used, reducing the Mn level recommended by British United Turkeys for supplementation of the diet of young turkeys from 100 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg increases the content of this element in the blood with no adverse effect on growth performance or the immune system. The reduction in Mn supplementation in the form of NP-Mn2O3 from 100 to 50 and even to 10 mg/kg of turkey diet has no negative effect on antioxidant defence in young turkeys. A 50% reduction of the recommended Mn level in the form of MnO enhances lipid oxidation processes. Replacing MnO with NP-Mn2O3 in the turkey diet probably can increase apoptosis in young turkeys. On the other hand, irrespective of the form of Mn used, reducing supplementation of the turkey diet with this element from 100 to 50 and even to 10 mg/kg probably can reduce apoptosis.
Highlights
Manganese (Mn) is one of the micronutrients necessary for the proper growth, development and functioning of living organisms
The results of two-way ANOVA showed that reducing Mn supplementation in the diet of turkeys from 100 to 50 mg/kg of feed, and to 10 mg/kg of feed, irrespective of the form of Mn used, increased the plasma content of Mn (P
The results of one-way ANOVA showed that reducing Mn in the turkey diet from 100 to 50 mg/kg, in the form of both manganese oxide (MnO) and NP-Mn2O3, resulted in a decrease in plasma LOOH content, whereas decreasing Mn supplementation to 10 mg/kg reduced LOOH content only when the NP-Mn2O3 form was used
Summary
Manganese (Mn) is one of the micronutrients necessary for the proper growth, development and functioning of living organisms It is a cofactor and activator of many enzymes, such as galactosyltransferase, agmatinase, arginase, glutamine synthetase, pyruvate carboxylase and superoxide dismutase, which are responsible for proper bone development, cell structure, metabolism, the mitochondrial antioxidant system and cell death [1,2]. Due to these physiological functions of Mn, poultry diets are enriched with this element, usually by adding various chemical forms of Mn, including MnO and Mn2O3 [3]. It can increase apoptosis in poultry [16, 18,19,20]
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