The effect of magnetic fields on the electrodeposition of cobalt

Abstract

The effect of a magnetic field on the electrodeposition of Co has been investigated with respect to the strength and the orientation of the magnetic field ( B). Two different effects of the magnetic field B on the electrodeposition of cobalt have been observed. The first is the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect caused by the Lorentz force ( F → L ). The second is an effect due to the paramagnetic force ( F → p ), caused by the concentration gradient ( ∇ → c ) and therefore the gradient of the molar susceptibility ( ∇ → χ m ). The limiting current density and the deposition rate of Co increases if the B-field is oriented parallel to the electrode surface. This is mainly due to the expected convection induced by F → L . Both, the Co deposition and the reduction of hydrogen ions, are affected by this. At high cathodic potentials the contribution of the hydrogen reduction to the process changed, which led to homogeneous deposits. A decreasing deposition rate was measured for B-fields oriented parallel or antiparallel to the flow of ions. These results are attributed to the effect of F → p on the electrochemical processes close to the surface.