Abstract
To date, the ivermectin resistance in nematode parasites has been reported and many studies are carried out to determine the causes of this problem. A free-living Caenorhabditis elegans is used as a model system for this study to investigate the response of C. elegans to ivermectin exposure by using larval development assay. Worms were exposed to ivermectin at concentration from 1 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) as a control. The developments of the worms were monitored for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours until the worms become adults. Results indicated that worms' growth began to be affected by ivermectin at a concentration of 5 ng/mL, while at the concentration of 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 ng/mL, the growth of worms were inhibited compared to control worms. Further study of the protein expression in C. elegans should be done to investigate the up-regulated and down-regulated proteins involve in ivermectin resistance.
Highlights
The macrocyclic lactone ivermectin (IVM) is a complex compound, derivative of soil microorganisms belonging to the genus Streptomyces with high parasiticidal efficacy for the control of human and animal parasites
C. elegans was used to investigate the response of the worms on egg-hatching and larval development when exposed to ivermectin
DA1316 and N2 were hatched to L1 larvae for all ivermectin concentrations
Summary
The macrocyclic lactone ivermectin (IVM) is a complex compound, derivative of soil microorganisms belonging to the genus Streptomyces with high parasiticidal efficacy for the control of human and animal parasites. C. elegans has been chosen as a model system for parasite nematodes due to it being an important model system for biological research in many fields including genomics, cell biology, and neuroscience (Ankeny 2001). The characteristics of this worm contributed to the success of nematode parasite study as its ability to be genetically manipulated, invariant and fully described developmental program, well-characterised genome, ease of maintenance, short and prolific life-cycle, and small in body size (Ankeny 2001). C. elegans was used to investigate the response of the worms on egg-hatching and larval development when exposed to ivermectin
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