Abstract
Objective: Azoximethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) are commonly used to induce colorectal cancer, but have side effects on the liver. AOM can induce hepatic histopathological changes such as the appearance of microvesicular steatosis and necrosis. DSS plays a role in causing inflammation and indirect scarring through colitis. This study aimed to determine in mice the effect of lunasin on the liver histopathology induced by AOM and DSS.
 Methods: This was an experimental study conducted in BALB/c mice. The data analyzed were the results of quantification of foci of necrosis, steatosis, and dysplasia from liver preparations of mice given lunasin extract at doses of 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg and control group.
 Results: This study showed a significant decrease in the number of foci of necrosis in the group given 30 mg/kg lunasin, with a mean score of 9.0±3.4 compared with the control group mean score of 14.0±0.8 (P = 0.017). There was also a significant decrease in the number of foci of steatosis in the group given 30 mg/kg lunasin with a mean score of 3.8±1.3 compared with the control group mean score of 11.5±1.9 (P = 0.002).
 Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that lunasin at doses above 30 mg/kg can inhibit the formation of foci of necrosis and steatosis induced in mouse liver by AOM and DSS.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and the second most common in women
This study showed a significant decrease in the number of foci of necrosis in the group given 30 mg/kg lunasin, with a mean score of 9.0±3.4 compared with the control group mean score of 14.0±0.8 (P = 0.017)
The results of this study indicate that lunasin at doses above 30 mg/kg can inhibit the formation of foci of necrosis and steatosis induced in mouse liver by AOM and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)
Summary
Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and the second most common in women. It accounts for over 9% of all cancer incidence, with an estimated 1.4 million cases occurring in 2012 [1, 2]. Azoximethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) are commonly used to induce colorectal cancer in experimental models, but these substances have side effects on the liver. DSS plays a role in causing inflammation and indirect scarring through colitis [5]. Other diseases that cause damage through inflammation can be suppressed by lunasin because it affects the inflammatory and oxidative pathways that are risk factors for liver damage [6]. Lunasin has the ability to reduce proinflammatory gene expression through modulation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB [7]
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