Abstract
The effect of Vernonia calvoana extract on some haematological indices in acetaminophen (paracetamol) treated albino Wistar rats was investigated in this study. Thirty-five (35) albino Wistar rats weighing 100-150g were randomly assigned into five (5) groups of seven rats each. Group 1 was the normal control ( Normal saline), group 2 received normal saline after treating with 2g/kg Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) via oral gavage, group 3 was treated with 200mg/kg body weight of V.C, group 4 received 400mg/kg body weight of V.C and group 5 was administered 100mg/kg body weight of Vitamin E. All treatments were done orally gavaged and lasted for twenty-one days. At the end of the treatment period, animals were euthanized using chloroform vapours, and blood was collected via cardiac puncture. The blood was collected and used for evaluation of some haematological indices. Results indicated significant (p<0.001) increase in red blood cell count, haemoglobin and packed cell volume in the 400mg/kg body weight Vernonia calvoana extract treated group compared with acetaminophen treated group. Similarly, platelet count, Lymphocytes and white blood cell count were markedly increased in the 200mg/kg VC, 400mg/kg VC and vit E- treated groups (p<0.05). We, therefore, conclude that ethanolic leaf extract of Vernonia calvoana administered at 400mg/kg body weight possess anti-anaemic properties.
Highlights
Acetaminophen (Paracetamol – PCM) is one of the most commonly found drugs in a lot of homes
Whole blood was collected from each experimental animal through cardiac puncture and put into to sterile Ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, EDTA sample tubes and used for determination of haematological indices (Haemoglobin, red blood cell, white blood cell, platelet and packed cell volume).The auto analyzer was used for the estimations
The group treated with 400 mg/kg of the extract bwt showed a significantly higher red blood cell (RBC) count compared to the untreated nephrotoxic group at p < 0.001
Summary
Acetaminophen (Paracetamol – PCM) is one of the most commonly found drugs in a lot of homes. It is the most widely used and available analgesic in Nigeria. Paracetamol toxicity due to overdose is one of the most common causes of poisoning worldwide (Gunnell, et al, 2000). Acute paracetamol overdose can result in potentially dangerous liver and kidney failure in both human and experimental animals and may result in death in extreme cases (Lorz et al, 2004). The kidney happens to be the second target organ of paracetamol toxicity, though nephrotoxicity may exist independent of hepatoxicity following overdose (Gulnaz, et al, 2010)
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