The Effect of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine on Pneumococcal Colonisation Densities Among Children Aged 24-59 Months in the Gambia - A Phase IV, Open Label, Randomised Controlled Trial

Chikondi Peno,Ya Jankey Jagne,Benjamin B Lindsey,Edwin Armitage,Carlos Lopez Balcazar,Beate Kampmann,Hadijatou Sallah,Janko Camara,Elina Senghore,Sheikh Jarju,Melanie Clerc,Sulayman Bah,Debby Bogaert,Thushan I De Silva,Sainabou Drammeh,Nuredin I Mohammed,David H Dockrell

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3827871

Abstract

The Effect of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine on Pneumococcal Colonisation Densities Among Children Aged 24-59 Months in the Gambia - A Phase IV, Open Label, Randomised Controlled Trial

Highlights

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of respiratory tract infections (RTIs), meningitis, and sepsis globally.[1]The highest burden of pneumococcal disease is found in children from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).[1]
Evidence before this study We searched PubMed and Web of Science for research articles published in English up to April 7, 2021 with the terms: “Streptococcus pneumoniae” OR “pneumococcus” AND “colonisation” OR “colonisation density” OR “bacterial load” AND “live attenuated influenza vaccine” OR “asymptomatic influenza infection” OR “asymptomatic viral infection”
This study found a six-times increase in pneumococcal colonisation density at 28 days following one dose of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) in children colonised with S pneumoniae at baseline

Summary

Introduction

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of respiratory tract infections (RTIs), meningitis, and sepsis globally.[1]The highest burden of pneumococcal disease is found in children from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).[1]. Evidence before this study We searched PubMed and Web of Science for research articles published in English up to April 7, 2021 with the terms: “Streptococcus pneumoniae” OR “pneumococcus” AND “colonisation” OR “colonisation density” OR “bacterial load” AND “live attenuated influenza vaccine” OR “asymptomatic influenza infection” OR “asymptomatic viral infection” This search identified five studies on the effect of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) or asymptomatic influenza−viral infection on S pneumoniae colonisation dynamics. The first trial investigated pneumococcal density in adults who were randomly assigned to receive LAIV or placebo before challenge with S pneumoniae 3 days later. We did not find any published studies from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) or with high pneumococcal carriage prevalences, investigating the effect of LAIV or asymptomatic viral infections on S pneumoniae colonisation dynamics. The corresponding authors had full access to all data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication

Methods

Results

Conclusion