Abstract
The aim of this paper is to assess the effect of liming and low doses of municipal sewage sludge (5%, 10%, 15% of the soil mass) on lead, chromium and nickel speciation in soil. The 420-day experiment was carried out in laboratory conditions. In all the samples lead, chromium and nickel concentration was determined with the ICP-AES method, while the content of those metals in different fractions was measured with the seven-step Zeien and Brümmer method, on the 30th and 420th days of the experiment. Sewage sludge doses significantly diversified lead, chromium and nickel amounts in the soil. The highest dose of sludge caused a significant increase, compared to the control, in the content of those metals. In the sludge the dominant forms of metals tested in the experiment were lead and chromium bound to organic matter (F4) as well as nickel bound to amorphous iron oxides (F5). Liming decreased the mobility of the metals in the soil.
Highlights
Produced as a by-product during municipal wastewater treatment, sewage sludge is rich in organic matter and nutrients (Unsal and Ok 2001; Speir et al 2003; Jouraiphy et al 2005)
Because vegetation can affect heavy metal speciation in soil, no plants were grown in the pots
The aim of the paper is to assess the effects of liming and different doses of sludge on total concentration and speciation of lead, chromium and nickel in soil
Summary
Produced as a by-product during municipal wastewater treatment, sewage sludge is rich in organic matter and nutrients (Unsal and Ok 2001; Speir et al 2003; Jouraiphy et al 2005). The total amount of heavy metals in the sludge is not enough to assess their toxicity; another factor is their mobility, which is usually determined with the sequential extraction procedure (Glyzes et al 2002; Amir et al 2004; Wang et al 2005; Jamali et al 2007; Rao et al 2008; Malinowska 2016). This method is based on extraction of mobile and stable forms, the latter being unavailable for plant uptake. The aim of the paper is to assess the effects of liming and different doses of sludge on total concentration and speciation of lead, chromium and nickel in soil
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