The effect of light-gray forest soil tilling systems on the yield and quality of oat grain in the Nizhny Novgorod region

Abstract

The research was conducted in the Nizhny Novgorod region in 2019 on light gray forest soil in the pea-oat crop rotation link. Studied was the effect of soil tillage systems (traditional mouldboard tillage with mouldboard plow; non- mouldboard deep tillage with boardless plow; non-mouldboard surface tillage with a Pottinger Synkro 5030 K chisel cultivator; minimal tillage with a disc harrow Discover XM 44660 nothad; zero tillage (No-till) with a Sunflower 9421-20 seeder) and the influence of mineral fertilizers (N 60 P 60 K 60 kg a. i.) and straw destructors (ammonia saltpeter in a dose of N 10 kg. a.i. per 1 ton of straw and Stimix ® Niva biologics, 2 l/ha) on changes in the yield and quality of Yakov variety oat grain. The traditional system of soil tillage provided the yield of oat of 4.82 t/ha when using mineral fertilizers in a dose of N 60 P 60 K 60 together with ammonium nitrate as a straw destructor, which was 1.04 t/ha (LSD05 =0.72) higher than the best result in terms of the yield of this crop obtained when it was cultivated using the No-till technology with the Stimix@Niva biological product on the background of N 60 P 60 K 60 (3.78 t/ha) . Use of the studied straw destructors is more effective for the N 60 P 60 K 60 background than for the non-fertilized background for all the studied soil tillage systems. When growing oat using No-till technology, the largest mass of 1000 grains was obtained when using ammonium nitrate - 46.5 g compared to other studied variants of using fertilizers and biologics (40.8-43.9 g, LSD 05 =1.1). Due to the unfavorable weather conditions of the growing season in 2019, the indicators of oat grain-unit were low. The lowest average grain-unit was found in oat cultivated using zero technology - 228.4 g/l, which is 16.2-18.4 g/l (LSD 05 - 3.0) lower than this indicator of grain quality when cultivated according to the rest of the studied tillage systems (244.6-246.8 g/l).