Abstract
ABSTRACT Effects of lavender essential oil nanoemulsion (LEON) on the growth, body composition, haematology and immunity of Oncorhynchus mykiss was investigated. A total of 276 healthy fishes were distributed into 12 cages to four treatments in triplicate. The fishe were fed a diet consisting of 0, 100, 150 and 200 ml/kg of LEON for 60 days. Results showed that WG% and SGR (%/day) significantly were increased at the different levels of LEON (p < .05). The highest of WG (%) and SGR were found in 150 ml/kg of LEON (252.16%) followed by 100 and 200 ml/kg. In contrast, FCR was decreased with increasing of dietary supplemental of LEON. The haematology parameters such as RBC, haemoglobin , haematocrit and MCH were significantly increased in 200 ml/kg of LEON compared to the control. ACH50, SOD, lysozyme activity, IgM and total Ig were significantly higher in 200 ml/kg of LEON treatment compared to the control (p < .05). LEON treatments also had a significant influence on body composition like protein and lipid content. Overall, our results interestingly demonstrated that the effect of supplemental dietary LEON especially at the level of 150 and 200 ml/kg had a positive and significant effect on some growth and immunity of rainbow trout.
Highlights
Fish is known as a valuable part of a healthy diet (Adams and Standridge 2006)
The data revealed that dietary supplemental level of 200 ml/ kg lavender essential oil nanoemulsion (LEON) significantly affected on the final weight (FW), and the final length of rainbow trout (p < .05)
The SGR was significantly higher in the 150 ml/kg of LEON treatment compared to the control and other treatments (p < .05), but no obvious difference was found among the 100 and 200 ml/kg LEON (p > .05)
Summary
Fish is known as a valuable part of a healthy diet (Adams and Standridge 2006). There are enormous differences among countries in the aquaculture growth rate and development. Improvement of the aquaculture economy depends on biology progresses, nutrition and the environmental management of the production cycle. Many products search for improvement of fish growth performance promoters and antibiotics agrochemicals (Santos et al 2009). Natural and complex compounds which are characterized by a strong odour and formed by aromatic plants as secondary metabolites. Essential oils basically comprise two classes of compounds: Terpenes and phenylpropenes. Terpenes are subdivided based on the 5 – carbon isoprene unit (building block) into mono, sesqui and diterpenes where the numbers of isoprene units are 2, 3 and 4, respectively, while the phenylpropenes consist of 6 – carbon aromatic ring with a 3 – carbon side chain (C6–C3 compounds) (Clegg et al 1980; Cooke et al 1998)
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