Abstract
This study aims to investigate the mechanical properties of bamboo apus (gigantochloa apus) as a natural reinforced composite material. Bamboo’s laminates of gigantochloa apus were used as reinforcement on the epoxy resin matrix. The parameters examined in this study are the configuration of lamina and compaction pressure. Laminate configuration varies in the number, thickness and direction of the lamina. Compaction pressures of 1.5 MPa, 2 MPa, and 2.5 MPa were used to fabricate the Laminated Bamboo Composites (LBCs). The stem of bamboo with a length of 400 mm was split to obtain bamboo lamina with a size of 400×20 mm. The thickness of bamboo lamina is varied between 1 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2 mm. The bamboo lamina is then preserved by watering it with a preservative solution in the form of 2.5 % sodium tetraborate solution and dried in an oven until the water content reaches 10 %. LBCs were made with a hand lay-up method. After the LBCs were molded, they were pressed with 3 variations of dies compaction 1.5 MPa, 2 MPa and 2.5 MPa. The tensile and bending tests were carried out on the LBCs. Tensile testing is performed in accordance with ASTM standard D3039 and the bending tests were conducted based on ASTM standard D7264. The results show that at each compaction pressure, the highest tensile and bending strength was achieved by LBCs with a thickness of 1 mm of bamboo lamina and 7 layers of bamboo laminates. The LBC with thinner bamboo lamina reinforcement and more layers has the highest tensile strength and bending strength, even it has a lower mass fraction. The LBCs with laminates oriented 0° exhibited greater tensile and bending strengths than the LBCs with laminates structured –45°/+45° and 0°/90°. The LBCs with the 0° laminates direction is matrix fracture followed by lamina fracture. In the 0°/90° direction, matrix fracture is followed by delamination in the 90° and 0° laminates direction. Delamination and lamina clefting were observed in LBCs with laminates oriented +45°/–45°.
Highlights
Bamboo is a group in the true grass family Poaceae, subfamily Bambusoideae, tribe Bambuseae
The results indicate that increasing the thickness of bamboo strips increases the tensile stress and modulus of the laminated unsaturated polyester (UP)/BF
Increasing the number of laminas increases the tensile strength of Laminated Bamboo Composites (LBCs)
Summary
Bamboo is a group in the true grass family Poaceae, subfamily Bambusoideae, tribe Bambuseae. Bamboo has specific mechanical properties that are superior to other types of natural fibers due to the longitudinal arrangement of the fibers. The advantages of the mechanical properties of bamboo and the availability of abundant materials have attracted many researchers to use bamboo as reinforcement in composite materials. The use of bamboo fibers as a reinforcing material provides many benefits. The use of bamboo as a composite material provides solutions in the development of the materials industry. Bamboo fiber has the potential to replace glass fibers as reinforcing composites. The bamboo fiber has a specific young modulus (Specific E) comparable with the E-glass fiber. It means that the bamboo fiber has a high stiffness with minimum weights [8, 9]. A rather recent study concerning bamboo strips had successfully characterized several imminent properties, for example, tensile, flexural, impact strength, and hardness of bamboo composite in a comprehensive manner [10]
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