Abstract
Abstract A study has been made of the toxic substances which may be found in kraft pulp-mill waste-waters. It has been determined that the sulphides, mercaptans, resin acid soaps, and sodium hydroxide constitute the greatest hazard. The minimum lethal concentration of these and other materials to fresh-water minnows, Daphnia, and aquatic insect larvae has been established. Methods have been devised for evaluating these materials in kraft-waste waters, and data from the examination of the wastes of a typical northern kraft mill are presented.
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