Abstract
Inulin is considered an efficient prebiotic and is beneficial for metabolic diseases via promoting intestinal probiotic enrichment and the metabolites of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). However, the effect of inulin on patients with InR deficiencies has seldom been reported. In this study, the lifespan, related gene expression, and gut microbiota of InRp5545/TM3 (insulin receptor mutant) Drosophila melanogaster under inulin treatment were investigated. The results showed that the lifespan was extended in only males and not in females. Furthermore, distinctly different patterns of gene expression were found between males and females, especially in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-like signalling (IIS) and target of rapamycin (TOR) pathways. Additionally, as a link between inulin and lifespan responses, the gut microbiota was distinctly separated by gender in both the standard diet group and the inulin treatment group, and the relationship between lifespan and the gut microbiota community was stronger in male flies than in females. This study provides preliminary evidence for the gender-dependent lifespan responses to inulin in insulin signalling-deficient Drosophila. However, controls such as wild-type and TM3 flies, and more InR mutant strains with different genetic backgrounds need to be further investigated to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the phenomenon.
Highlights
Diet is considered an important factor associated with disease, especially certain nutritional metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes [1,2]
The beneficial effects of inulin on the body manifest in mainly two ways: (1) inulin acts as an efficient prebiotic [12] by nourishing beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacteria [10] and lactobacilli [12], and enriching the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing microbiota [13]; and (2) the SCFAs fermented by the gut microbiota play a key role in adipose, brain, and liver tissues as energy substrates, thereby reducing inflammation and tumourigenesis, improving insulin resistivity and AMPK activity, and reducing gluconeogenesis and lipid storage [14]
We investigated the effect of inulin on longevity, related gene expression, and gut bacterial community using InRp5545 /TM3 mutant Drosophila melanogaster to reveal the interactions among inulin, probiotics, and related genes
Summary
Diet is considered an important factor associated with disease, especially certain nutritional metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes [1,2]. The beneficial effects of inulin on the body manifest in mainly two ways: (1) inulin acts as an efficient prebiotic [12] by nourishing beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacteria [10] and lactobacilli [12], and enriching the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing microbiota [13]; and (2) the SCFAs fermented by the gut microbiota play a key role in adipose, brain, and liver tissues as energy substrates, thereby reducing inflammation and tumourigenesis, improving insulin resistivity and AMPK activity, and reducing gluconeogenesis and lipid storage [14]. We investigated the effect of inulin on longevity, related gene expression, and gut bacterial community using InRp5545 /TM3 mutant Drosophila melanogaster to reveal the interactions among inulin, probiotics, and related genes.
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