The Effect of Intravenous Infusions of Glutamine on Duodenal Cell Autophagy and Apoptosis in Early-Weaned Calves.

Xusheng Dong,Zhonghua Wang,Xueyan Lin,Ruina Zhai,Zhiyong Hu,Zhaolin Liu

doi:10.3390/ani9070404

Abstract

Simple SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of intravenous infusions of L-glutamine (Gln) on the autophagy and apoptosis of duodenum cells in weaned calves. The results showed that the autophagy level of duodenal cells was increased with an increasing Gln infusion dose (0 to 20 g/d) and dropped when Gln was further increased to 40 g/d. We also found that the level of apoptosis was decreased with an increasing Gln infusion dose from 0 to 20 g/d, and then rose as the dose increased to 40 g/d. This knowledge will provide a reference for weaned calf health management.The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of intravenous infusions of L-glutamine (Gln) on the autophagy and apoptosis of duodenum cells in early-weaned calves. Holstein male calves were weaned at day 35 (20 male calves, birth weight 43 ± 1.8 kg; 35 ± 3 d of age) and randomly allocated to four treatments (5 calves/treatment). The treatments were: (1) infusion of NaCl, representing the control group (C); (2) infusion of 10 g/d of Gln solution (L); (3) infusion of 20 g/d of Gln solution (M); and (4) infusion of 40 g/d of Gln solution (H). The solutions were infused for 2 h daily for 3 consecutive days after weaning. All calves were killed on the third day post-weaning. The results showed that the autophagy level of the duodenal cells was increased as the Gln infusions increased from 0 to 20 g/d and dropped with a further increase in dose (40 g/d). We also found that the level of apoptosis was decreased with Gln infusion from 0 to 20 g/d and rose as the dose increased to 40 g/d. This knowledge provides a reference for weaned calf health management.

Highlights

Glutamine (Gln) is the most abundant amino acid in vivo and is a major respiratory fuel and metabolic precursor for many cell types [1]
Glutamine, which once was regarded as a nonessential amino acid, has recently been termed conditionally essential during injury or oxidative stress [2,3]
The results reported in this research showed that the autophagy level of the duodenal cells was increased with an increasing Gln infusion respectively

Summary

Introduction

Glutamine (Gln) is the most abundant amino acid in vivo and is a major respiratory fuel and metabolic precursor for many cell types [1]. Glutamine, which once was regarded as a nonessential amino acid, has recently been termed conditionally essential during injury or oxidative stress [2,3]. A previous study suggested that Gln could protect the small intestine from various harmful injuries in rats [4]. Kallweit et al [5] showed that Gln protects intestinal cells from both heat and oxidant stress. Researchers attempted to evaluate the impact of Gln on autophagy and apoptosis [6,7,8]. Sakiyama et al [7] suggested that Gln could protect intestinal epithelial cells by enhancing autophagy

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